Founded in 1884 by the Dorsland Trekkers as capital of their Republic of Upingtonia. It came under a village management board in 1933. It attained municipal status in 1947. Known to the Herero as Otjivanda-Tjongue, ‘hill of the leopard’, and to the Khoikhoi as ‘Gelaus, Gelous or Kalaus ‘large fountain’ translated to Afrikaans.